Feminism and Vogue Cover Essay Example for Free

Feminism and Vogue Cover Essay 1. Theories * Concept of gender * Before 1970s: No concept of Gender * 1970s: Concept of Gender over determinism * 1990s: Diversity of Sex * Sexual desire is not natural instinct but product of society language (for example the re-production, instinct,..) * The society code of desire * â€Å"Feminist argue that media images of women are always directed at men and that women are encouraged to look at themselves and the other women the way men do† (Betty Friedan, 1963) * â€Å"Masculine Standards† are forced on women and used to evaluate women. * The nature and extent of hegemonic towards clothing and fashion * The magazine’s conceptions of women’s roles as expressed in its fashion photography fit a model of conflicted hegemony characteristic of American media and popular culture. * Fashion photographs generate enormous dissatisfaction among women because they create unrealistic expectation that most women are unable to break. * Fashion is a form of hegemonic oppression  an obligation weigh heavily on female 2. Analysis: Cultural Context * Cultural context Hegemonic and the power of fashion and clothing are expressed by choosing an influencing top singer Rihanna – the World’s sexiest woman according to Esquire magazine (2011) * Affect strongly to readers/buyers. It influents readers to follow the trend. * Overview Beautiful model Super make-up Beautiful/trendy dress Tone red-hot Simple color: focusing on the model * Detailed view: Posture: leaning away posture of the body, only show the face straight (intentionally turning her body inside) - raise the curiosity, create  the attractiveness, and hide away the imperfect part of her body. Make-up: extra make up especially focus on the lips (notice that Rihanna has beautiful full lips) (focus on the beautiful point of the model to gain attraction), also create the red hot ton-sur-ton with the dress. Clothes: tight to the body, show all the body line Show a lot of naked parts of the body, especially the sexy parts of a woman’s body (half of her breast and legs are showed) Action: pulling up her dress a little bit - sexually attractiveness is showed. (This could be understood that because the masculine standard is forced on women, therefore women found this is attractive. Only men want to see sexual poses and women are target, women are the physical attributor of sexuality) Masculine standard: short hair, strong facial expression, tattoo on the shoulder. Wild background (outside) Color: simple colors. Simple colors show mature. Only focus on red and the background’s color which is, somehow in the same tone color with the eyes - emphasize the focus to Rihanna’s eyes Stereotype: There are 2 stereotype facial expressions of the model on magazine cover 1. Exaggerated manner of smiling 2. Vacant gaze, directed at an unseen object. * These stereotypes of facial expression represent the subject is passive, alienated and not in control of the situation. * Because in this magazine cover, the facial expression is the 2nd type so they make the focus on the eyes. *Moreover, the lips of the model are a little bit open which shows sexual desire and insecure feeling. Headlines: The headline is the biggest and on top because it caused attention and Vogue is considered to be the most famous magazine about fashion - women get attracted by the name and will want to buy. Tittles: in white and only the main focus to attract women are in large font. What attract women? See the largest title under Rihanna’s name: I love to have fun. When this tittle is located in the sexy hot picture, ‘have fun’ sounds sexually. And that’s why it attracts women. * Women also want to have fun in ‘sex’ because it is always considered that man is the subject and woman is the object in sex so women  want to find joy of the other way around OR it can also be understood that women have the masculine standard force on them so they want to see what man want to see. Survey: What is the first thing that drags your attention when you look at the cover of this magazine (Vogue cover November 2012) * Although it is a woman magazine but focus on what man want, not what woman want. How magazine affects: The thinking that girls with big breast and small belly and long legs and full lips,†¦.are the beautiful girls comes from the media, actually the magazine’s concept. Beauty concept or sexual desire as well are all because if the society Sadism Cover Girls * What is Sadism? How is it represented in society? Sadism refers to the pleasures received by infliction of pain and suffering on another person for reasons of sexuality. Sadists paly a dominant role and get contentment by observing the masochist suffer. This caused by arousing incidents of sexual satisfaction and is represented through forms of sexual role play. Such examples including master and slave or teacher and student relationships * How Vogue creates a sadistic impression on its readers? Components that determine sadism. 1. Title â€Å"I love to have fun† sexually explicit headline. 2. Cover story is based on Rihanna, a sex symbol   3. The theme â€Å"Red Hot† sounds more sexually explicit in tone 4. Rihanna`s dress is revealing, pulling her dress up and strapless top 5. Rihanna`s pose is very sexual, her face shows emptiness and desire on her face * In the covers impress the sadistic pressure of people? 1. No need of help in mastering love moves that women can resist Since, the cover represents a girl that is beyond reach in real life, it completes the fantasy. This would help the men create confidence in them and be aroused into mastering love moves. 2. It doesnt create an intention but to help a man feel less guilty. It is fantasy and does not exist in real life. This helps men feel less guilty about their sexual fantasies 3. Women take satisfaction, parading all manner of fineries (clothes, furniture, travel destinations) that a successful woman might buy, or at least admire. While it surely exists to sell ads, t does remarkably well in exploiting ambition, and creating insecurity.

Gender and Social Norms Essay Example for Free

Gender and Social Norms Essay In today’s society social norms have huge effects on parental decisions. Some would say that shaping a child’s life around these norms might be what is needed in order for one to have a successful life. Majority of individuals tend to migrate towards others who are like them. With this being said, if you aren’t raised how the average person is, you will not have a group to migrate to and will never develop relationships that can benefit your future. My survey consisted of three questions, which were answered anonymously by ten different individuals. The first two questions were to find out what my participant’s sexes were and what their current marital status was. My final question was, â€Å"Do you feel boys from the ages four to seven should be provided with Barbie Toys if asked for them?† The statistics I received were quite diverse. Being accepted in today’s society is the key factor when developing early relationships, which will impact your future. As it is one has to face plenty of other obstacles such as being discriminated against due to their individual sex, race, culture or religion. If you aren’t raised around the norms society has developed then that is one more obstacle you must face when going through life. Sociological imagination is stated to be forces of society that control our personal experiences. I believe that this hits the direct point I am making when I say that there are forces outside of what one’s parents believe in that influence the way someone is raised. Parents want their children to have the average childhood and be accepted by everyone. The only way one can accomplish this is to base the decisions made for their child around the social norms. For boys, they should only play with action figures and should participate in athletics. Females should only play with Barbies and should be put in classes such as ballet. It is out of what society accepts if one’s child does participate in anything that the opposite sex should be doing. This may lead to harassment of many sorts and keep one from advancing and becoming successful. On the other hand, if someone partakes in something their gender is known for, this may lead to extra opportunities. I am stating that if someone of a specific sex has been raised the way the rest of that society has been, it will broaden their chances to migrate towards others due to a higher chance of commonalities. I found out that sex did not play much of a part when determining what people thought about my topic. Majority of the males did answer no when asked if boys should be allowed to play with Barbies. Females also leaned towards that end. Seventy-one percent of them said they would not allow a boy to play with a Barbie if they asked for it. While tallying the statistics I noticed that every person who was currently in a relationship said they would not allow it. I feel they answered it no because they may have already spoken with their significant others about possibly having children, and they wouldn’t want their child to be an outcast. I would bet that they have not spoken about this specific topic in general; therefore they would keep aware from such topics to avoid any disagreements with their partner. They may believe in two different sides, but choose to stick to what society accepts. I also saw that the few who answered yes were either single or divorced. I think these individuals are at a point where they know they are free to have their own beliefs and will exercise them because there is no one they have to persuade, other than themselves. A single parent may stick to what they believe in when raising their child, or they may resort to what society accepts. The only person I received a survey from who was married chose not to buy such toys for young boys. She actually chose to express why she felt this way. She said that her and her husband are expecting a child shortly and have been open with one another about these sorts of scenarios. She stated that they refuse to force their child (ren) to live in this â€Å"invisible acceptance bubble† that society has come to. They feel everyone should be raised differently so the world will be as diverse as possible. She expressed that she does not want to be a part of raising someone who is exactly like the next child. She described it as society losing its color. Everything will soon be black in white if we keep allowing these invisible rules to take over what should be our decisions. Society has developed norms that many people feel forced to go buy in order to achieve acceptance. Although they may not agree with what the majority does, they refuse to be a part of an outcast group. I understand why people would take part in such actions. I believe it is because they are afraid to be different and not accepted by most, which can lead to lack of relationships, needed to be considered â€Å"normal.† The survey I conducted showed what ten random people thought when asked if they would allow and/or supply a boy from the ages four to seven with a Barbie if asked. Majority responded no, which I feel was because it has been declared â€Å"wrong† in our society. Survey You are being asked to complete this survey on family issues for a paper I am writing for my FCS 340 class. All answers will remain confidential and anonymous.

Spin Coherent State in Real Parameterization SU(4)

Spin Coherent State in Real Parameterization SU(4) Coherent states in SU(4) of spin systems and calculate the Berry phase for qudit with spin 3/2 particle in SU(4) in quantum mechanics Yadollah Farahmand*, ZABIALAH HEIDARNEZHAD**, Fatemeh Heidarnezhad***, Fatemeh Heydari*** and Kh . Kh Muminov* Abstract In this paper, we develop the formulation of the spin coherent state in real parameterization SU(4).we obtain Berry phase from Schrdinger equation. For vector states, basic kets are coherent states in real parameterization. Wecalculate Berry phase for qudit with spin S=3/2 in SU(3) group and Berry phase. Key words: quantum mechanics, Schrdinger equation ,coherent state ,SU(n)group , Quadrupole moment , Berry phase. Introduction In 1984 Berry published a paper [1] which has until now deeply influenced the physical community. In mechanics (including classical mechanics as well as quantum mechanics), theGeometric phase, or the Pancharatnam-Berry phase (named after S. Pancharatnam and Sir Michael Berry), also known as the Pancharatnam phase or, more commonly, Berry phase[2], Therein he considers cyclic evolutions of systems under special conditions, namely adiabatic ones. He finds that an additional phase factor occursin contrast to the well-known dynamical phase factor. is a phase acquired over the course of a cycle, when the system is subjected to cyclic adiabatic processes, resulting from the geometrical properties of the parameter space of the Hamiltonian. Apart from quantum mechanics, it arises in a variety of other wave systems, such as classical optics [3].As a rule of thumb, it occurs when ever there are at least two parameters affecting a wave, in the vicinity of some sort of singularity or some sort o f hole in the topology. In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, the state of a system is described by the vector of the Hilbert space (the wave function) ∈ H which depends on time and some set of other variables depending on the considered problem. The evolution of a quantum system in time t is described by the Schrodinger equation We consider a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian H that depends ona multidimensional real parameter R which parameterizes the environment of the system. The time evolution is described by the timedependent Schrodinger equation We can choose at any instant a basis of eigen statesfor the Hamiltonian labelled by the quantum number n such that the eigen value equation is fulfilled We assume that the energy spectrum of H is discrete, that the eigen values are not degenerated and that no level crossing occurs during the evolution. Suppose the environment and therefore R(t) is adiabatically varied, that means the changes happen slowly in time compared to the characteristic time scale of the system. The system starts in the n-the nergy eigen state then according to the adiabatic theorem the system stays over the whole evolution in the n-the igen state of the instant Hamiltonian. But it is possible that the state gains some phase factor which does not affect the physical state. Therefore the state of the system can be written as One would expect that this phase factor is identical with the dynamical phase factorwhich is the integral over the energy eigenvalues but it is not forbidden by the adiabatic theorem and the Schrodinger equation to add another term which is called the Berry phase [4-8] We can determine this additional term by inserting the an sat z (4) together with equation (6) into the Schrodinger equation (1). This yields with the simplifying notation R ≠¡R(t) After taking the inner product (which should be normalized) with we get and after the integration where we introduced the notation Then the total change in the phase of the wave function is equal to theintegra The respective local form of the curvature has only two nonzero components: The expression for the Berry phase (14) can be rewritten as a surface integral of the components of the local curvature form. Using Stokes formulae, we obtain the following expression where S is a surface in and are components of the local curvature form .[9] Berrys phase for coherent state in SU(4) group for a spin particle (qudit) We consider reference state as for a spin-3/2 particle (qudit) in SU(4) in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. Coherent state in real parameter in this group is in the following form [10-12] where |0i is reference state and is Wigner function. Quadrupole moment is Octupole moment is If we insert all above calculation in coherent state, obtain: Discussion Geometric phases are important in quantum physics and are now central to fault tolerant quantum computation. We have presented a detailed analysis of geometrical phase that can arise within general representations of coherent states in real parameterization in SU(4). Berry phase also change in similar method. We can continues this method to obtain Berry phase in SU(N) group, where N ≠¥ 5 . we can also obtain Berry phase from complex variable base ket, we conclusion that result in two different base ket is similar. Berry phase application in optic, magnetic resonance, molecular and atomic physics [13,14] . References [1] M. V. Berry, â€Å"Quantal phase factors accompanying adiabatic changes,†Proc.R. Soc. Lond. A 392 (1984) 45–57. [2] S. Pancharatnam, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. A44, 247-262 (1956). [3] M.V. Berry, J. Mod. Optics 34, 1401-1407 (1987). [4] M. V. Berry. Quantal phase factors accompanying adiabatic changes. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A329(1802):45-57, (1984). [5] J. J. Sakurai. Modern quantum mechanics, (1999). [6] Yadollah Farahmand, Zabialah Heidarnezhad, Fatemeh Heidarnezhad, Kh Kh Muminov, Fatemeh Heydari, A Study of Quantum Information and Quantum Computers. Orient J Chem., Vol. 30 (2), Pg. 601-606 ( 2014) [7] Yadollah Farahmand, Zabialah Heidarnezhad, Fatemeh Heidarnezhad, Fatemeh Heydari, Kh Kh Muminov, Presentation Quantum Computation Based on Many Level Quantum System and SU(n) Cohered States and Qubit, Qutrit and Qubit Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance. Chem Sci Trans.,vol 3(4), 1432-1440(2014) [8] Yadollah Farahmand, Zabialah Heidarnezhad, Fatemeh Heidarnezhad, Fatemeh Heydari, Kh Kh Muminov,Seyedeh Zeinab Hoosseinirad, Presentation Entanglemen States and its Application in Quantum Computation. Orient J Chem., Vol. 30 (2), Pg. 821-826 ( 2014) [9] M. O. Katanaev, arXiv:0909.0370v2 [math-ph] 18 Nov (2009). [10] V.S. Ostrovskii, Sov. Phys. JETP 64(5), 999, (1986). [11] Kh. O. Abdulloev, Kh. Kh. Muminov. Coherent states of SU(4) group  in real parameterization and Hamiltonian equations of motion. Reports of  Tajikistan Academy of science V.36, N6, I993 (in Russian). [12] Kh. O. Abdulloev, Kh. Kh. Muminov. Accounting of quadrupole dynamics  of magnets with spin . Proceedings of Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, N.1,  1994, P.P. 28-30 (in Russian). [13] T. Bitter and D. Dubbers. Manifestation of berry,s topology phase in neutron  spin rotation. Phys. Rev. Lett, 59:251-254, (1987). [14] D. Suter, Gerard. C, Chingas, Robert. A, Harris and A. Pines, Molecular  Phys, 1987, V. 61, NO. 6, 1327-1340.

Aristotle, Antigone and Billy Budd :: comparison compare contrast essays

Aristotle, Antigone and Billy Budd In Poetics, Aristotle explains tragedy as a kind of imitation of a certain magnitude, using direct action instead of narration to achieve its desired affect. It is of an extremely serious nature. Tragedy is also complete, with a structure that unifies all of its parts. It is meant to produce a catharsis of the audience, meant to produce the emotions of pity and fear and to purge them of these emotions and helping them better understand the ways of the gods and men. Tragedy is also in a language in both verse and song. Aristotle's definition is clearly applicable to both Herman Melville's Billy Budd and the famous Greek tragedy Antigone by Sophocles. Antigone is definitely a good example of a Greek tragedy. It contains all of the elements of Greek tragedy as defined by Aristotle. Billy Budd has also been interpreted by some critics as a Greek tragedy. This seems true in that it contains many of the requirements in a Greek tragedy. However, as we look closer, there are many factors that are not found in Billy Budd that are required in a Greek tragedy. There are flaws to the theory. Analysis of the Billy Budd has shown that enough of these flaws are evident to interpret Billy Budd as not a Greek tragedy. There are differences in the character, structure, theme, magnitude, tragic heroes, plot, as well as focus. However, it can be argued that these differences can also be similarities. It can be explained as a variant. Interpretation has been a key issue in these two works. The two works have been interpreted in many different ways. Each way could lead to a different comparison of these two works. Therefore, the reader m ust decide which interpretation is most "correct" and conclude whether the similarities are sufficient to call Billy Budd a Greek tragedy. Aristotle states that "For Tragedy is an imitation, not of men, but of an action and of life, and life consists in action, and its end is a mode of action, not a quality. Now character determines men's qualities, but it is by their actions that they are happy or the reverse. Dramatic action, therefore, is not with a view to the representation of character: character comes in as subsidiary to the actions. Hence the incidents and the plot are the end of a tragedy; and the end is the chief thing of all.

Creating Sympathy for the Johnston Family in Blood Brothers :: Blood Brothers Willy Russell Essays

Creating Sympathy for the Johnston Family in Blood Brothers Blood brother is a tragic tale about two twins who were parted at birth and as a result, led very different lives. The playwright, Willy Russell portrays the circumstances in which the twins were conceived, born and parted and also gives us an insight into how society has the influence of shaping individuals according to the classes they are in. We, the audience are made to sympathize with Mrs. Johnston on many occasions varying from the beginning of the play, even before the twins are born to the end of the play, when we learn about their unfortunate death. In the play Blood Brothers we see the upbringing of two so called blood brothers, Eddie and Mickey who are bought up in two different lifestyles. Mrs. Johnston is the mother of seven children and is already on the way of expecting twins that were to be parted soon after. This is told to us via the narrator, who states, that the mother â€Å"stood and watched brother parted from brother†. Willy Russell uses various techniques to create sympathy for the Johnston family. We also need to take into account the language barrier between the two brothers because they have been brought up in two different back grounds and have been taught different principles. Eddie seems to behave in a more socially acceptable manner whilst Mickey is louder. The play starts of by describing Mrs. Johnston’s life and her marriage. The author quotes â€Å"that I was six weeks overdue† which makes us the audience feel sorry for her. It also describes the place of marriage which was at the registry office. â€Å"We got married at the registry and had a do†. This suggests to us the audience that the wedding was nothing too fancy, not too expensive and that the marriage was sudden and unexpectant. She got married because she was expecting a baby, in difficult, circumstances to get married in. we soon learn that Mrs. Johnson is trapped in her life. Soon after the wedding she still wanted to enjoy herself as she did before but her husband became very conscious of her appearance and felt embarrassed to be seen with her. This is evident due to the fact that she gained weight and now perceived herself to be â€Å"twice the size of Marillyn Monroe†. Russell also uses a lot of ironic devices in the play. It’s ironic due to the idea that her husband left her â€Å"for a girl, they say who looks a bit like Marillyn Monroe†. The audience feels sympathetic towards her because she has seven children and low self esteem. Creating Sympathy for the Johnston Family in Blood Brothers :: Blood Brothers Willy Russell Essays Creating Sympathy for the Johnston Family in Blood Brothers Blood brother is a tragic tale about two twins who were parted at birth and as a result, led very different lives. The playwright, Willy Russell portrays the circumstances in which the twins were conceived, born and parted and also gives us an insight into how society has the influence of shaping individuals according to the classes they are in. We, the audience are made to sympathize with Mrs. Johnston on many occasions varying from the beginning of the play, even before the twins are born to the end of the play, when we learn about their unfortunate death. In the play Blood Brothers we see the upbringing of two so called blood brothers, Eddie and Mickey who are bought up in two different lifestyles. Mrs. Johnston is the mother of seven children and is already on the way of expecting twins that were to be parted soon after. This is told to us via the narrator, who states, that the mother â€Å"stood and watched brother parted from brother†. Willy Russell uses various techniques to create sympathy for the Johnston family. We also need to take into account the language barrier between the two brothers because they have been brought up in two different back grounds and have been taught different principles. Eddie seems to behave in a more socially acceptable manner whilst Mickey is louder. The play starts of by describing Mrs. Johnston’s life and her marriage. The author quotes â€Å"that I was six weeks overdue† which makes us the audience feel sorry for her. It also describes the place of marriage which was at the registry office. â€Å"We got married at the registry and had a do†. This suggests to us the audience that the wedding was nothing too fancy, not too expensive and that the marriage was sudden and unexpectant. She got married because she was expecting a baby, in difficult, circumstances to get married in. we soon learn that Mrs. Johnson is trapped in her life. Soon after the wedding she still wanted to enjoy herself as she did before but her husband became very conscious of her appearance and felt embarrassed to be seen with her. This is evident due to the fact that she gained weight and now perceived herself to be â€Å"twice the size of Marillyn Monroe†. Russell also uses a lot of ironic devices in the play. It’s ironic due to the idea that her husband left her â€Å"for a girl, they say who looks a bit like Marillyn Monroe†. The audience feels sympathetic towards her because she has seven children and low self esteem.

The Alamo :: essays research papers

Originally named Misià ³n San Antonio de Valero, the Alamo served as home to missionaries and their Indian converts for nearly seventy years. Construction began on the present site in 1724. In 1793, Spanish officials sectioned off San Antonio's five missions and distributed their lands to the remaining Indian residents. These men and women continued to farm the fields — once the mission's but now their own — and participated in the growing community of San Antonio. In the early 1800s, the Spanish military stationed a cavalry unit at the former mission. The soldiers referred to the old mission as the Alamo (the Spanish word for "cottonwood") in honor of their hometown Alamo de Parras, Coahuila. The post's commander established the first recorded hospital in Texas in the Long Barrack. The Alamo was home to both Revolutionaries and Royalists during Mexico's ten-year struggle for independence. The military — Spanish, Rebel, and then Mexican — continued to occupy the Alamo until the Texas Revolution. San Antonio and the Alamo played a critical role in the Texas Revolution. In December 1835, Ben Milam led Texian and Tejano volunteers against Mexican troops quartered in the city. After five days of house-to-house fighting, they forced General Marà ­n Perfecto de Cà ³s and his soldiers to surrender. The victorious volunteers then occupied the Alamo — already fortified prior to the battle by Cà ³s' men — and strengthened its defenses. On February 23, 1836, the arrival of General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna's army outside San Antonio nearly caught them by surprise. Undaunted, the Texians and Tejanos prepared to defend the Alamo together. The defenders held out for 13 days against Santa Anna's army. William B. Travis, the commander of the Alamo sent forth couriers carrying pleas for help to communities in Texas. On the eighth day of the siege, a band of 32 volunteers from Gonzales arrived, bringing the number of defenders to nearly two hundred. Legend holds that with the possibility of additional help fading, Colonel Travis drew a line on the ground and asked any man willing to stay and fight to step over — all except one did. As the defenders saw it, the Alamo was the key to the defense of Texas, and they were ready to give their lives rather than surrender their position to General Santa Anna. Among the Alamo's garrison were Jim Bowie, renowned knife fighter, and David Crockett, famed frontiersman and fo rmer congressman from Tennessee.

The Threat of National Id

William Safire’s â€Å"The Threat of National ID† Comprehension 1. According to Safire most people are willing to give up their privacy â€Å"in return for greater safety. That’s why we gladly suffer the pat – downs and ‘wanding’ at airports†. Such precautions contribute to our peach of mind. He believes that law enforcement officials are already taking advantage of this situation. He says that Police are â€Å"unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual’s home† and developed â€Å"heat sensors to let them look inside people’s houses. And claims that the Justice department has an electronic bug that the F. B.I can plant on your key board to read every stroke. This is really ironic because Safire has typed his article and must question what infringes of his privacy have already been made that he isn’t aware of. 2. Safire says that â€Å"national ID cards give Americans a â€Å"false sense of securityâ₠¬ . I believe Safire is referring to the security of your identity. Identification cards are supposed to prove who you are: approve purchases, entry, travel, etc. They are used so that another person can not just take your name and replace you. They ensure the safety of your identity, salary, house, and other personal things.I agree with Safire. Although I feel that there should be some sort of way to identify yourself you will only be able to do that if you give up more of your privacy, like providing a â€Å"fingerprint, description of DNA and details of your eye’s iris†. Even with national ID cards it is difficult to ensure its accuracy due to fake ID cards. 3. People will not be able to choose not to carry a national ID card because it is a requirement. The government has made it essential for people to have this source of verification. Without this card you will not be able to â€Å"travel, or buy on credit, or participate in tomorrow’s normal life. Soon enough police as well as employers will considers those who resist full disclosure of their financial, academic, medical, religious, social, and political affiliation to be suspect. He says that Police are â€Å"unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual’s home† and developed â€Å"heat sensors to let them look inside people’s houses. 4. In paragraph 6, Safire says â€Å"But in the dreams of Big Brother and his cousin, Big Marketing, nothing can compare to forcing every person in the United States – under penalty of law – to carry what the totalitarians used to call ‘papers’†.Safire compares the United States government to a totalitarian government if they force everyone to have â€Å"papers†. The idea of having to prove who you are goes against American ideal of living in a free country, or even being able to start over. If you force a permanent identity on someone you revoke their chance of having a brighter future . I believe that everyone has the right to seek a better future. There is a movie where they present the idea of your identity being written in your DNA. The protagonist’s was supposed to die at 31, it was written in his DNA however he wanted to become an astronaut.But because his DNA says that he will die at 31 no one is willing to hire him which forces the protagonist to go to someone who has broken both his legs and pays the man for his DNA. 5. There are advantages and dangers of national ID cards that everyone should be aware of. Having such personal national ID cards would â€Å"speed you through lines faster or buy you sure-fire protection from suicide bombers†. However the disadvantages seem to out way the advantages. With all this important information found on a single card this card has now increased in value immensely.Forcing you to protect the card as a part of yourself. The copy of that card in a national databank supposedly confidential but available to a ny imaginative hacker. The universal use and most likely abuse of the national card will most often trigger personal questions. This card is the ticket to losing much of your personal freedom. Purpose and Audience 1. Safire sees his readers as either friendly or neutral. You can tell because Safire informs the reader so the audience must not be hostile towards his view.However it is very plausible that he is also trying to convince his reader. Forcing you to protect the card as a part of yourself. The copy of that card in a national databank supposedly confidential but available to any imaginative hacker. The universal use and most likely abuse of the national card will most often trigger personal questions. This card is the ticket to losing much of your personal freedom. 2. Safire’s purpose does not seem to be changing his audience’s behaviour but changing their ideas or at least rethinking them.Safire mentions the dreams of Big Brother and his cousin, Big Marketing, nothing can compare to forcing every person in the United States – under penalty of law – to carry what the totalitarians used to call ‘papers’†. Safire compares the United States government to a totalitarian government if they force everyone to have â€Å"papers†. The idea of having to prove who you are goes against American ideal of living in a free country, or even being able to start over. 3. Safire assumes that his readers are well informed about national ID.He believes that they should be well informed about their rights and especially support the fourth amendment. He feels that people should protect their right to privacy and feels that having a national ID infringes on their right of privacy which he mentions many examples. I believe that everyone has the right to seek a better future. There is a movie where they present the idea of your identity being written in your DNA. The protagonist’s was supposed to die at 31, it was writ ten in his DNA however he wanted to become an astronaut. Style and Structure 1.The writer begins his essay with discussion of losing an animal. This strategy is very effective, however I don’t understand why. By introducing the new device animal ID he makes an allusion to identification of people. Safire introduces the idea of implanting a little chip implanted under the skin in the back of the neck so that a shelter can quickly pick up the address of the owner. Safire later mentions having identification in the back of their neck alluding to the beginning of the essay which ties the whole thing together. I cannot think of a better opening.Satire mentions a lot of problems with national ID however he leaves the reader to figure out all the different ways national id could be a problem. He forces you to think about whether you are willing to give up so much information with one sweep or scan. 2. Safire’s argument is primarily appealing to deductive reasoning. Because it is proceeding from general presumption to a specific conclusion. According to the textbook, deduction holds that is all the statements in the argument are true the conclusion must also be true. Thus Safire must not use inductive reasoning to argue his case.Cops of course would insists on a record of arrests speeding tickets, E-Z pass auto movements, and links to suspicious Web sites and associates. All this information and more is being collected already which is very scary and by including all the different possiblilties it only makes having a national ID seem more of a threat. 3. The writer uses various kinds of evidence to support his points. You can tell because Safire informs the reader so the audience must not be hostile towards his view. However it is very plausible that he is also trying to convince his reader. Forcing you to protect the card as a part of yourself.The copy of that card in a national databank supposedly confidential but available to any imaginative hacker. T he universal use and most likely abuse of the national card will most often trigger personal questions. However Safire does not provide a source for his evidence which forces the reader to question whether or not the is relevant. I think that Safire could’ve used more solid evidence to prove his points but it is hard to find that sort of information so its ok. 4. Safire refutes the idea of having National ID. He believes that law enforcement officials are already taking advantage of this situation.He says that Police are â€Å"unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual’s home† and developed â€Å"heat sensors to let them look inside people’s houses. And claims that the Justice department has an electronic bug that the F. B. I can plant on your key board to read every stroke. This is really ironic because Safire has typed his article and must question what infringes of his privacy have already been made that he isn’t aware of. 5. He uses rhetor ical questions as a stylistic device to move his argument along. A few examples of this devise are: â€Å"Think you can encrypt your way to privacy? â€Å"How about a chip providing a complete medical history in case of emergencies? † â€Å"What about us libertarian misfits who take the trouble to try and ‘opt out’? † his entire paragraph 11 asks a bunch of rhetorical questions and the list goes on. By using rhetorical devices Safire forces his readers to think about their answer to the question even though it doesn’t necessarily require an answer it creates an emphasis on the unknown answer that only the reader can provide. 6. Safire basically concludes his essay with a summary. The hospitals would say: how about a chip providing a complete medical history in case of emergencies?Merchants would add a chip for credit rating, banking accounts, and product preferences, while divorced spouses would lobby for a rundown of net assests and yearly expendi tures. Politicians would like to know voting records and political affiliation. Cops of course would insists on a record of arrests speeding tickets, E-Z pass auto movements, and links to suspicious Web sites and associates. All this information and more is being collected already which is very scary and by including all the different possiblilties it only makes having a national ID seem more of a threat.